Graphics CommunicationIntroduction:
Engineering drawing is a language used to relate and communicate ideas between professionals and non-professionals if need be.
Learning the language of technical graphics allows you to visualize problems more clearly and use graphic images to find solutions with more ease.
Importance of Engineering drawing: Visualization, Communication, & Documentation
92% of the design process is graphically based.
Graphics CommunicationIntroduction:
Graphics CommunicationIntroduction:
Why is graphics design so important?
Try to describe to someone a product in words that will later need to be manufactured or built. It’s harder than with words.
Graphics CommunicationIntroduction:
Engineers must fulfill two important aspects of design: Aesthetics and Function
Engineering Design ProcessIntroduction:
Design: process of conceiving or inventing ideas & communicating those ideas to others.
It requires input from such areas as customer needs, materials, capital, energy, time requirements, & human knowledge/skills
Engineering Design ProcessTraditional Engineering Design:
It is a linear approach divided into a number of steps. It moves through each step in a sequential manner; if problem comes up, the process may return to previous step (called iteration or looping)
Engineering Design ProcessConcurrent Engineering Design:
It is a nonlinear team approach to design that brings together the input, processes, & output elements necessary to produce a product.
The people & processes are brought together at the beginning (not typical in linear)
Team made up of: design & production engineers, technicians, marketing & finance personnel, planners, & managers.
Engineering Design Process
Concurrent Engineering Design:
Concurrent Engineering Design:
Three activities that make up the concurrent design process are: Ideation, Refinement, & Implementation.
3-D Modeling is extremely important in this type of design process.
Engineering Design Process
Concurrent Engineering Design:
Concurrent Engineering Design:
Graphics CommunicationWhat you Will Learn:
Visualization: the ability to mentally control visual information
Graphics Theory: geometry and projection techniques
Standards: sets of rules that govern how parts are made and technical drawings are represented
Conventions: commonly accepted practices and methods used for technical drawings
Tools: devices used to create engineering drawings and models, including both hand-held and computer tools
Applications: the various uses for technical graphics in engineering design, such as mechanical, electrical, and architectural
Graphics CommunicationTechnical Drawing Tools:
Three basic types of drawings: Freehand sketches, Instrument drawings, & Computer Drawings and models.
Most widely used tool is computer-aided design/drafting (CAD). CAD is a computer software and related computer hardware that supplements or replaces traditional hand tools in creating models and technical drawings.
Graphics CommunicationTraditional Tools:
Traditional Tools are devices used to assist the human hand in making technical drawings. Straighter lines, perfect circles, & faster speed of drawing
They included:
1.Wood & mechanical pencils
2.Instrument set, compass & dividers
3.45- & 30/60-degree triangles
4.Scales
5.Irregular curves
6.Protractors
7.Erasers & erasing shields
8.Drawing Paper
9.Circle Templates
10.Isometric templates
Graphics CommunicationParts of a CAD System:
CPU (hardrive)
Input (mouse/keyboard)
Output (monitor/printer)
Operating System (Windows/Mac)
Software (Microstation, Auto-CAD)
Graphics CommunicationThe Hardrive:
Graphics CommunicationCAD Software:
Common basic features:
Commands to generate geometry
Functions for controlling views
Modifiers for changing drawing geometry
Annotation Commands for adding text, dimensions, and notes
Others
Graphics CommunicationEngineering Design Uses Sketching & CAD:
Ideas are initially sketched and then more accurate CAD drawings are created
A single accurate CAD database can be used to go from ideation to manufacturing and documentation
Finite Element Analysis, 3-D Rendering, Animation, Documentation, Rapid Prototyping software are available for use with CAD
Graphics CommunicationTerminology:
CAD: Computer Aided Design
CADD: Computer Aided Design & Drafting
CAM: Computer Aided Manufacturing
CIM: Computer Integrated Manufacturing
CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering
CAPP: Computer-Aided Process Planning
MRP: Material Requirement Planning
EDM: Enterprise Document/Data Management
CAE: Computer Assisted Engineering
Blue Print Reading: Interpreting drawings made by others
Engineering Drawing
Engineering DrawingIntro:
An effective means of communicating technical ideas & solutions using a clear and precise language with definite rules and regulations
The primary medium for communicating and developing design concepts
It removes language barrier between technical & non-technical audiences
Follows a system of standards
Engineering DrawingStandards:
Standards ensure that drawings convey the same information to everyone who interprets them
Standards organizations like ANSI (American National Standards Institute) & ISO (International Standards Organization) publish standards detailing how drawings should be created so they can be interpreted universally
Example: ANSI Y14.5M-1994-Dimensions and Tolerance
Engineering DrawingStandards:
Engineering DrawingsConventions:
Conventions are commonly accepted practices, rules, or methods (i.e.. hidden lines, dimension lines…)
Most important convention is Alphabet of Lines established by ASME called linestyles
Line patterns communicate what the line represents in the drawing
Line patterns tell you information such as whether the line is hidden, visible, or a centerline
Views should be selected to minimized the use of hidden lines
Precedence of lines: Visible à Hidden à Center
Engineering DrawingsAlphabet of Lines:
Engineering DrawingsAlphabet of Lines:
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